{"id":4966,"date":"2017-05-31T02:22:12","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T01:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/?p=4966\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T15:27:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T14:27:55","slug":"roberto-assagiolis-gylne-middelvei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/nb\/roberto-assagiolis-gylne-middelvei\/","title":{"rendered":"Roberto Assagiolis gylne middelvei &#8211; Interview"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding avia-builder-el-1 el_after_av_one_fourth el_before_av_one_fourth \">\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section\">\n<div class=\"avia_textblock \">\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sam Keen, who was the editor of Psychology Today, in this excellent interview, closely examines Roberto Assagioli and his psychosynthesis. The interview is one of the best living testimonies to the wisdom that made Assagioli famous all over the world and which made him the &laquo;Father&raquo; of psychology with soul.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">More than half a century ago, when Freud created psychoanalysis in Vienna, dr. with. Roberto Assagioli in the process of developing psychosynthesis in Italy.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Opinion about his work is divided. Some believe that he has ensured that the will is again recognized by psychology, and that he has worked out a viable idea of \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bthe transpersonal Self, and put together a therapeutic technology that reflects the highest wisdom that modern psychology has to offer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Mike Murphy and Stuart Miller from the Esalen Institute believe that psychosynthesis is a comprehensive vision that can probably lead to a &laquo;marriage&raquo; between humanistic, transpersonal and research-based psychology. Others see Assagioli&#8217;s thoughts on the will as a Victorian throwback, and his transpersonal Self as a plainly disguised borrowing from idealist theology, and his techniques as an eclectic mishmash.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli&#8217;s office is a small room in his apartment above the Institute&#8217;s headquarters. Two entire walls are filled with books. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Herman Keyserling, Abraham Maslow and CGJung seem to be his favourites. On the bottom shelf, Jonathan Livingston Seagull stands between Rollo May and Erik Erikson. The desk is antique and<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">filled with things and papers: *the shaman&#8217;s talismans&#8217;, fresh picked flowers, a barometer, a bell, a kitchen clock, a scale, the flag of the United Nations, a star globe, two word cards &#8211; ENERGY and GOOD WILL.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The walls, which were once white, are now yellowed like old bones. An overstuffed Victorian S-shaped sofa is set up in one corner of the room. Assagioli rises to welcome me. He is old, thin and frail, but his happy face is lively and radiates vitality.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">His pointy goatee and salmon-coloured velvet tuxedo jacket give him a touch of old-fashioned authority.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : What are the main differences between psychosynthesis and psychoanalysis?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : We place much greater emphasis on the higher unconscious and on the development of the transpersonal Self. In one of his letters, Freud wrote, &laquo;I am only interested in the basement of man.&raquo; Psychosynthesis is interested in the whole building. We are trying to build an elevator that can give the person access to all levels of the personality. Honestly, a building with only one basement floor is very limited. We want to open up to the roof terrace, where you can enjoy the sun and look at the stars.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"avia-image-container av-styling- avia-builder-el-3 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_textblock avia-align-center \">\n<div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><a href=\"http:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ovaldiagram.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4943\" title=\"Roberto Assagioli oval chart\" src=\"http:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ovaldiagram.jpg\" alt=\"Roberto Assagioli oval chart\" width=\"288\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ovaldiagram.jpg 585w, https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ovaldiagram-419x673.jpg 419w, https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ovaldiagram-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ovaldiagram-311x500.jpg 311w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section\">\n<div class=\"avia_textblock \">\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">We will create a <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">synthesis <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">of all parts of the personality. This means that psychosynthesis is holistic, global and inclusive. It is not opposed to psychoanalysis or behavioral psychology for that matter, but it insists that the needs for meaning, for higher values \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200band for a spiritual life, are as important as biological and social needs. We dispute that isolated human problems exist. Take, for example, sex. Sex does not exist by itself. Sex is connected with all other functions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">So-called sex problems are often caused by power struggles between two people, and can be solved with the help of an investigation of the complex interaction between the two.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : The characteristics that they have mentioned so far are largely theoretical. Is the therapeutic technology of psychosynthesis in any way different from that of psychoanalysis?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : Psychosynthesis uses more exercises and techniques than we can go into here. We have systematic exercises with a view to developing all personality functions. First of all, we explore the conscious and unconscious aspects of the personality by having the patients write autobiographies, diaries, fill in questionnaires and by taking several different tests such as TAT, freehand drawing, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">As the therapy progresses, breathing exercises, concentration exercises, visualization, the creative imagination, evocative visual symbols and words, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">meditation <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">. But I would like to emphasize that all individuals are different and that no technique can be used per se. automatic.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Did psychosynthesis develop from psychoanalysis?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Yes. In 1910 Freud was unknown in Italy. The committee that had to assess my doctoral thesis was reluctant to accept that I wrote about psychoanalysis, but finally gave me the go-ahead. I traveled to Zurich to study with Eugen Bleuler, who discovered schizophrenia. On my return I practiced psychoanalysis in Italy, but soon discovered its limitations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> What was your relationship with Freud and Jung?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> I never met Freud personally, but I corresponded with him and he wrote to Jung that he hoped I would work to advance the cause of psychoanalysis in Italy. But I quickly became a heretic. On the other hand, I had a wholehearted and good relationship with Jung. We met many times over the years and had some nice conversations. Of all modern psychotherapies, Jung&#8217;s is the one that in theory and practice comes closest to psychosynthesis.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> How are they similar and what is the difference?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> With regard to therapy, we agree to distance ourselves from &laquo;pathologicalisation&raquo;, ie focusing on the signs and symptoms of a requested psychological disorder. We see the human being as a fundamentally healthy organism, where it can be a temporary &laquo;malfunction&raquo;. Nature always tries to restore harmony and in the psyche the principle of synthesis dominates. There are no irreconcilable opposites. It is the task of therapy to help the individual to transform contradictions. Both Jung and I have emphasized the necessity for a person to develop the higher psychic functions, the spiritual dimension.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"avia-image-container av-styling- avia-builder-el-5 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_textblock avia-align-center \">\n<div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><a href=\"http:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/stjernediagrammet.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4948 size-full\" title=\"Roberto Assagioli Star Chart\" src=\"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/stjernediagrammet.jpg\" alt=\"Roberto Assagioli Star Chart\" width=\"300\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/stjernediagrammet.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/stjernediagrammet-282x300.jpg 282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section\">\n<div class=\"avia_textblock \">\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Jung distinguishes between four functions: sensation, feeling, thought and intuition. Psychosynthesis says that Jung&#8217;s four functions are not an exhaustive description of psychological life. Our point of view can be described like this: We consider imagination or imagination as a separate function. We also have a group of functions that drive us to act in the external world. This includes instincts, tendencies, impulses, desires and ambitions. Here we come to something very central and fundamental in psychosynthesis: There is a fundamental difference between drives, impulses, desire \u2013 and the will. In man&#8217;s interior there is often a conflict between desire and will. And we place the will in a very central position at the core of self-consciousness or ego.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (Beware\u2014dangerous ground\u2014where desire is opposed to will, a tragic conflict arises that can only be resolved by a strong man intervening. I suspect that the iron hand of willpower lurks in the velvety glove of synthesis.) Why do you place the will at the center of the ego? Are you an advocate for a new form of voluntarism? (NOTE: The perception that the will is the innermost being of life) Should we change Descartes to: I will, therefore I am?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> I believe that the will is the Cinderella of modern psychology. It has been relegated to the kitchen. The Victorian idea that willpower could overcome all obstacles was destroyed by Freud&#8217;s discovery of unconscious motivation. But unfortunately this led to modern psychology taking a deterministic view of man as a bundle of conflicting forces without any center. This is in direct contrast to man&#8217;s immediate experience of himself. At one point or another, perhaps in a crisis, an awakening occurs which leads to the individual discovering his will. This revelation that the self and the will are closely connected can change the person&#8217;s entire experience of himself and the world. He discovers that he is a living subject, an actor who is equipped with the ability to choose, to create relationships and to create changes in his own personality, in others and in his circumstances. This experience leads to a sense of wholeness, security and joy. Because modern psychology has neglected the central position of the will, it denies that we have a direct experience of the self. When you become convinced that you have a will, you also discover the close connection between the will and the self. This is the existential experience of the attention of pure self-awareness.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">It is this self-awareness that separates humans from animals. Humans are conscious, but also know that they are. We can express the importance of self-consciousness; of the unity &laquo;to will and to be&raquo;, by saying (in contrast to Descartes) &laquo;I am aware that I am and will&raquo;, or: &laquo;I am a willful self.&raquo;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (I think he smashed the deterministic house of cards that &laquo;scientific&raquo; psychology has lived in ever since cause and effect took over the throne. My God, he&#8217;s trying to make us responsible for our identity!) Surprise. Introspection and instrumentation both lead to rediscovering the will. Assagioli discovers the will by looking inward. Barbara Brown (see New Mind, New Body, PT, August) finds that all bodily responses that can be measured and that become conscious to us can be controlled. And what is it that controls? The will. It may look like a ghost in the machine.)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> I think most discussions of identity go off the rails because academic psychologists don&#8217;t allow themselves the opportunity to experiment in appropriate ways. They let rats run through mazes, but they do not go into the inner laboratory and examine their own experience of the will. It can be irreverently compared to the theologians who refused to look through Galileo&#8217;s telescope because they were afraid that their world view would be disturbed. They neglected introspection, which is the best laboratory a psychologist has.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Can you further describe the will?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> No. It is indescribable. It is about immediate experience, just like the experience of red or blue. Can you tell me what it&#8217;s like to experience blue?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (The holiest is always empty. At the heart of all systems of thought lies the indescribable. Ask a rationalist how to spot a clear and distinct idea, or a Freudian how to detect an Oedipus complex, or a positivist how to verify the verification principle, and the answer will always be to stammer and cover up an embarrassed silence. The starting point is always a mystery, language leads us to the point where the silence begins ) Yes\u2026Almost. Blue is cool like running water and different from red which is like cinnamon or the sun. When you talk about the will, is it almost what is found in the Prussian spine, or like the warm liquids that run through Henri Bergson&#8217;s &laquo;\u00e9lan vital&raquo;?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> No. In my opinion, \u00e9lan vital is the true libido without the specific sexual meaning that Freud has given the term. It is the dynamism, the power, the energy that underlies life. The will is more like the &laquo;controlling factor&raquo; in the personality than the vital force.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> But that presupposes that it is a single will, a single controlling force. From Saint Paul to Saint Freud, the experience of the divided will has plagued humanity. &laquo;The Good I Will I Do Not&raquo;, and the will to live versus the will to die. How will you reconcile the conflicting wills?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Assagioli:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> It is quite true \u2013 there is a diversity in the self, but the will is, in the deepest sense, the activity of the self that stands above the diversity. It controls, regulates and balances the other functions of the personality in a creative way. I do not believe that it is a fundamental division, an insoluble conflict in man. I do not believe that the will to die is opposed to the will to live. What is imprecisely called the &laquo;split will&raquo; must in reality be seen as the conflict between the central will and a multitude of urges, desires and wishes. This is a common experience. Conflicts exist in all normal individuals. Without them there would be no use for psychoanalysis or psychosynthesis! Every choice involves a conflict: should I stay in or should I go out for a walk \u2013 you can&#8217;t do both at once. In neurotic conflicts, it is a desperate attempt to be able to achieve two incompatible things at the same time. But in a normal person, the will can either reduce or eliminate the conflict by recognizing a hierarchy of needs, and by arranging for the appropriate satisfaction of all needs. The central will delegates tasks to other parts of the personality. Let me use an analogy that is central to my way of thinking. The will is like a conductor. He does not show off, but is a humble servant of the composer and the score.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen: <\/strong>(Jeg h\u00f8rer feminine stemmer i kulissene: \u201dFilosofi og psykologi har i vesten alltid v\u00e6rt \u201copph\u00f8yd til\u201d mannsemner, ofte i selskap med sigarer etter middag og skjult mannsj\u00e5vinisme.<\/p>\n<p>Hva med det feministiske perspektivet? Er det den mannlige psyke eller den menneskelige psyke han beskriver?) R\u00f8per ikke plasseringen av viljen i selvets sentrum et s\u00e6rlig maskulint perspektiv? I tradisjonelle vendinger anses styring, kontroll, assersjon og aggresjon for \u00e5 v\u00e6re maskuline egenskaper. Den kvinnelige delen av arten mistenkes for \u00e5 v\u00e6re mer im\u00f8tekommende, omsorgsfull og flytende. Mener De at det er en spesiell \u201cfeminin\u201d komponent i selvet? En spesiell feminin vilje? Hvordan avbalanserer De selvets maskuline og feminine elementer?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Viljen er ikke bare assertiv, aggressiv og kontrollerende. Man kan si at det er en feminin polaritet av viljen \u2013 viljen til \u00e5 gi avkall p\u00e5, den gledesfulle aksept av personlighetens andre funksjoner. Jeg kan si det samme p\u00e5 en annen m\u00e5te. I selvets kjerne er det b\u00e5de et aktivt og et passivt element, et som handler og et som ser p\u00e5. Selvbevissthet inneb\u00e6rer det \u00e5 v\u00e6re vitne til \u2013 et rent, objektivt, kj\u00e6rlig vitne \u2013 til det som skjer inne i og utenfor. I den betydning er selvet ikke en dynamikk i seg selv, men et vitne, en som ser p\u00e5, en iakttager som overv\u00e5ker str\u00f8mmen. Men det er en annen del av det indre selv \u2013 den som vil eller den styrende akt\u00f8r \u2013 som aktivt bryter inn for \u00e5 orkestrere personlighetens forskjellige funksjoner og energier. Den som forplikter seg og igangsetter handlinger i den ytre verden. S\u00e5 i sentrum av viljen er det en forening av maskulint og feminint, vilje og kj\u00e6rlighet, handling og iakttagelse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> (B\u00e5de\/og i stedefor enten\/eller. Slik er det syntetiske prinsipp som forbinder det som vanligvis er adskillt. \u00d8stlig filosofi plasserer essensen av mennesket i en ikke-av-denne-verden iakttager. Vestlig filosofi legger den menneskelige verdighet \u2013 som f\u00f8lge av de teknologiske landvinninger \u2013 i evnen til \u00e5 kontrollere verden, til \u00e5 handle. Assagioli forener \u00f8st og vest. Fungerer blandede ekteskap, eller skaper de filosofiske bastarder?)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Hvordan hjelper psykosyntesen folk til \u00e5 skape denne olympiske holdningen av ubundet styrke?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Teknikker knyttes alltid til den enkeltes situasjon, s\u00e5 man kan ikke generalisere. Men jeg kan nevne to grunnleggende teknikker: disidentifikasjon og trening av viljen.<\/p>\n<p>Jeg vil begynne med et fundamentalt psykologisk prinsipp. Vi domineres av alt det som v\u00e5rt selv identifiserer seg med. Normalt gj\u00f8r vi alle den feilen at vi identifiserer oss med ett eller annet innhold i bevisstheten og ikke selve bevisstheten. Noen mennesker identifiserer seg med sine f\u00f8lelser, andre med sine tanker, andre med sine sosiale roller. Men identifikasjonen med en del av personligheten tilintetgj\u00f8r den frihet som kommer fra \u00e5 oppleve sitt rene \u201cjeg\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>En krise stjeler ofte en persons funksjon eller rolle som vedkommende har identifisert seg med: en atlets kropp blir lemlestet, ens elskede stikker av med en omvandrende poet, den dedikerte arbeider m\u00e5 trekke seg tilbake. P\u00e5 denne m\u00e5ten tvinges man til \u00e5 disidentifisere seg, og en l\u00f8sning er kun mulig \u00e5 oppn\u00e5 gjennom en d\u00f8ds- og gjenf\u00f8dselsprosess, hvor personer trer inn i en mer omfattende identitet. Men en slik prosess kan foreg\u00e5 med et visst samarbeid.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d8velsen i disidentifikasjon og identifikasjon krever at man praktiserer oppmerksomhet og at man bekrefter: Jeg har en kropp, men jeg er ikke min kropp. Jeg har f\u00f8lelser, men jeg er ikke mine f\u00f8lelser. Jeg har en jobb, men jeg er ikke min jobb\u2026osv\u2026Systematisk introspeksjon kan hjelpe til med \u00e5 eliminere alle begrensede selv-identifikasjoner.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Denne teknikken ligner den buddhistiske vipassana-meditasjonen hvor man bare iakttar tanker, f\u00f8lelser og bilder som kommer forbi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Ja, og det f\u00f8rer til den erkjennelsen at iakttageren er forskjellig fra det som iakttas. Derfor er det naturlige stadium for selvet etter disidentifikasjonen en ny identifikasjon: Jeg erkjenner og bekrefter at \u201cJeg er ren selvbevissthet. Jeg er vilje og istand til \u00e5 lede, styre og bruke alle mine psykologiske prosesser og mitt fysiske legeme.\u201d M\u00e5let med disse \u00f8velsene er \u00e5 l\u00e6re \u00e5 disidentifisere seg n\u00e5r man vil, og \u00e5 skille selvet fra alle overveldende f\u00f8lelser, personer, tanker eller roller og erverve seg den ubundede og n\u00f8ytrale iakttagers overblikk og utsyn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Jeg forst\u00e5r godt hvordan De kommer fram til opplevelsen av selvet som iakttager, men hvordan i all verden kan De p\u00e5st\u00e5 at viljen er i stand til \u00e5 regjere og styre alle de andre psykologiske funksjonene? Viljen synes \u00e5 v\u00e6re maktesl\u00f8s ovenfor infantile drifter. Noen ganger er den en maktesl\u00f8s fange som regjeres av en infantil tyrann. N\u00e5r depresjoner setter inn, verden bruser opp eller det seksuelle begj\u00e6ret sprudler. Da forekommer viljenskraften \u00e5 v\u00e6re svak, mer lik en aldrende forelder enn en handlekraftig sjef.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Viljen kan p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5te som personlighetens andre funksjoner utvikles og styrkes systematisk. Dersom den er svak, kan den trenes opp gjennom regelmessig trening p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5te som muskler utvikles gjennom fysisk trening. Og dersom en person begynner med en svak vilje, kan han kanskje p\u00e5 n\u00e6rmest mirakul\u00f8st vis, som f\u00f8lge av overkompensasjon, utvikle en vilje som er sterkere\u00a0 enn normalt. Alle har tilstrekkelig vilje til \u00e5 starte utviklingen av mer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> (N\u00e5r noen snakker om \u00e5 utvikle viljeskraften ser jeg to motstridende bilder for meg. 1.) Den selvlagde person: Horatio Alger, Dale Carnegie, og \u201cHvordan man utvikler et sterkt jeg p\u00e5 30 dager\u201d. Jeg n\u00e6rer mistanke om overfladiskhet. 2.) Offeret: Nevrose er indre passivitet. Depresjon er till\u00e6rt hjelpesl\u00f8shet. Uten en sterk vilje forblir mennesket et offer. Kanskje. Ambivalensen i<\/p>\n<p>forhold til viljesbegrepet, eller rettere sagt neglisjeringen av den, er i den moderne psykologi en avspeiling av forlegenheten ved \u00f8nske om personlig makt. V\u00e5rt begj\u00e6r etter makt er blitt uttrykt og kanalisert ut i vitenskap og teknologi, politikk og krig. Hvorfor ikke la utviklingen av indre styrke v\u00e6re et \u00e5penlyst m\u00e5l?)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Hvilke andre teknikker bruker De til \u00e5 utvikle viljen med?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> La meg gj\u00f8re det helt klart: Psykosyntese handler ikke prim\u00e6rt om \u00e5 utvikle viljesstyrke. Styrke er en n\u00f8dvendig viljestilstand, men den er ikke hele viljen. Det er like viktig \u00e5 utvikle en intelligent vilje (ferdighetsvilje) og en god vilje. Vi har mange teknikker til utvikling av alle disse kvalitetene. Jeg behandler dem grundig i Viljens psykologi.<\/p>\n<p>En teknikk er \u00e5 visualisere den \u201cideelle modell\u201d. Se for deg, s\u00e5 levende som mulig hvordan ditt liv vil se ut dersom du hadde en sterk vilje. Visualiser at du har b\u00e5de det indre og det ytre herred\u00f8mme. Vi anbefaler ogs\u00e5 daglig bruk av noen \u201cunyttige \u00f8velser\u201d med det form\u00e5l \u00e5 styrke selvdisiplinen. Man kan beslutte seg for \u00e5 st\u00e5 p\u00e5 en stol i 10 minutter, eller l\u00f8pe en mil om dagen, eller kontrollere et voldsomt temperament.<\/p>\n<p>Det er vanskeligere \u00e5 utvikle en intelligent vilje. Hvis viljen er i direkte opposisjon til sterke f\u00f8lelser eller drifter, vil viljen bli overveldet, og vi m\u00e5 derfor legge en strategi for \u00e5 n\u00e5 de m\u00e5l vi vil n\u00e5. La oss for eksempel ta en person som er i begj\u00e6rets vold, og som \u00f8nsker \u00e5 befri seg fra denne besettelsen. Jo mer han tenker p\u00e5 besettelsen, jo sterkere blir den. Men greier han \u00e5 trekke oppmerksomheten sin tilbake og erstatte den med en ny interesse vil han kunne dyrke fram en nyttig \u201cbesettelse\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Hvis man holder nye bilder opp foran sine \u00f8yne, er det en tendens til \u00e5 skape den virkeligheten som bildet viser. Det er en velkjent psykologisk lov. Bilder eller mentale forestillinger og id\u00e9er har en tendens til \u00e5 skape de fysiske tilstander og ytre handlinger som svarer til dem. Eller som William James sa: \u201cAlle bilder har en drivkraft i seg.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Jeg bruker blant annet en meget enkel teknikk med noen kort, hvor det er trykt fremkallende ord som: RO, T\u00c5LMODIGHET, LYKKSALIGHET, ENERGI, GOD VILJE. N\u00e5r man plasserer disse kortene rundt om i rommet, s\u00e5 fremkaller de de holdninger og egenskaper som de symboliserer. Jeg bruker ogs\u00e5 kunstverk p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5te. For eksempel er \u201cFra Angelicos Transfiguration\u201d et , n\u00e5r en person kommer i kontakt med det transpersonlige Selv.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> (Er dette naivt, eller er det en klok bruk av vekselvirkningen mellom kropp og sinn? Jeg vet det ikke. Tilst\u00e5else: En aften stilte jeg et kort med ordet HERLIGHET opp i mitt hotellrom og ventet p\u00e5 resultatet. Om morgenen v\u00e5knet jeg opp i mugne, kr\u00f8llete lakener til solskinn som str\u00f8mmet inn, lyden av kirkeklokker og en gyllen dag full av florentinsk kaffe, Leonardo da Vinci, og\u00a0 \u2013 helt sikkert \u2013 herlighet. Men vi vet alle at slike holdningsmessige innpakninger skyldes suggesjon, gj\u00f8r vi ikke?)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> God vilje h\u00f8rer vel egentlig mer til i religion enn til psykoterapi. Kan ikke viljen v\u00e6re sunn om den ikke er god?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Nei. En person er alltid i en sosial kontekst. Han er ikke en isolert enhet. S\u00e5 jo mer konflikt, jo mer energi spilles ut. Hvis vi skal oppn\u00e5\u00a0 grunnleggende fred, m\u00e5 viljene harmoniseres. Selv-sentrering er utrolig \u00f8deleggende for det samarbeide som er n\u00f8dvendig for at en person kan leve et fullt liv i samfunnet. Hvorfor skal god vilje betraktes som en \u201cluksus\u201d-dyd som kun ang\u00e5r religi\u00f8se mennesker?<\/p>\n<p>Jeg vil g\u00e5 enda et skritt videre. Det samme prinsipp gjelder for et individs forhold til naturen og universet. Ingen person kan v\u00e6re s\u00e5 arrogant at han betrakter seg selv som uten forbindelse til universet. Om man liker det eller ei, s\u00e5 er mennesket en del av den universelle vilje, og det m\u00e5 p\u00e5 en eller annen m\u00e5te innstille seg p\u00e5 \u00e5 villig akseptere det universelle livs rytmer.<\/p>\n<p>Harmoniseringen og foreningen av den individuelle og den universelle vilje \u2013 den kinesiske identifikasjon med Tao, den stoiske aksept av skjebnen, eller den kristne Guds vilje \u2013 er ett av de h\u00f8yeste menneskelige m\u00e5l, selv om det sjeldent realiseres.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Inntil Maslow begynte \u00e5 snakke om metabehov, var psykologien i forlegenhet, s\u00e5 snart det var noe som lignet metafysikk eller religion. N\u00e5 ser det ut til at mystisisme og medisin g\u00e5r h\u00e5nd i h\u00e5nd. Inneb\u00e6rer en sunn selvbevissthet n\u00f8dvendigvis et religi\u00f8st engasjement?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Ikke n\u00f8dvendigvis. Det jeg kaller personlig psykosyntese, kan oppn\u00e5s gjennom en forst\u00e5else av det lavere og det mellomste ubevisste. Men noen mennesker opplever kjedsommelighet og en f\u00f8lelse av meningsl\u00f8shet\u00a0 n\u00e5r de grunnleggende psykologiske behov er blitt dekket, og det er oppn\u00e5dd en viss grad av sunnhet, og de begynner en s\u00f8ken etter et h\u00f8yere m\u00e5l i livet. Som Jung formulerte det, er det nok for noen personer \u00e5 v\u00e6re normale og tilpasset, mens andre hungrer etter transcendens. Det er en ny \u201cfjerde kraft\u201d innenfor psykologien \u2013 den transpersonlige psykologi \u2013 som fors\u00f8ker \u00e5 utforske de behov og aspirasjoner som ligger utenfor selv-virkeliggj\u00f8relse og humanistisk psykologi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> P\u00e5 Freuds tid var der en sterk kulturell sammensvergelse som hadde til hensikt \u00e5 undertrykke libidoen, \u00e5 tvinge den til \u00e5 forbli ubevisst. Mener De at det er en lignende sammensvergelse med den hensikt \u00e5 undertrykke den religi\u00f8se impuls? Vi ser ut til \u00e5 skamme oss like mye over v\u00e5rt begj\u00e6r etter mening, som det viktorianske samfunn skammet seg over ereksjoner og lyster som ikke kom fra hjertet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Det ser ut som mange mennesker frivillig har underkastet seg et spirituelt \u201chvitt snitt\u201d, en undertrykkelse av det sublime og en total fornektelse av det transpersonlige Selv.\u00a0 Derfor forblir det h\u00f8yere ubevisste stort sett ukjent for mange mennesker. En stor del av psykologien oppmuntrer til \u00e5 anlegge et nedvurderende selv-bilde ved \u00e5 hevde at alle religi\u00f8se og \u00e5ndelige impulser bare er sublimering av seksuelle instinkter. Denne formen for reduksjonisme ignorer det faktum at mange av de mest skapende mennesker i historien forteller om opplevelser av transpersonlig natur. Med hvilken rett kan vi benekte at \u00e5ndelige drifter er mindre viktige, grunnleggende og fundamentale enn seksuelle og aggressive drifter?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Hvorfor skulle mennesker undertrykke det sublime? Hva er det som er s\u00e5 truende ved paradis?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Det er ikke mer mystisk enn undertrykkelsen av seksuell ekstase. Vi frykter det sublime fordi det er ukjent, og fordi, hvis vi lukker virkeligheten inn i en form av h\u00f8yere verdier, forplikter oss til \u00e5 handle p\u00e5 en edlere m\u00e5te. Godhet, samarbeide, \u00e5 slippe selvopptatthet og ta ansvar for \u00e5ndelig vekst, f\u00f8lger med anerkjennelsen av det H\u00f8yere Selv.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Hvilken natur har det transpersonlige Selv? Snakker De om et vesen som er adskilt fra det selv vi har en direkte opplevelse av n\u00e5r vi er selv-oppmerksomme?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Min kj\u00e6re venn, jeg kan ikke fortelle Dem hvordan det transpersonlige Selv er. Maslow pr\u00f8vde \u00e5 beskrive det og h\u00f8ydepunkts opplevelsens natur i The Psycology of Being. Den direkte opplevelse av det transpersonlige Selv er sjelden og det samme gjelder med foreningen av det. Men mange mennesker har en viten om det, som er formidlet gjennom det h\u00f8yere ubevisste, eller overbevisstheten. Jeg kan<\/p>\n<p>beskrive noen av virkningene. Det manifesterte seg spontant i kreativiteten hos de store universelle geniene som Platon, Dante og Einstein. Andre kommer i forbindelse med det gjennom b\u00f8nn og meditasjon. Eller de f\u00f8ler kanskje et kall eller en dragning fra en h\u00f8yere kraft. Spr\u00e5ket er alltid utilstrekkelig n\u00e5r det dreier seg om transpersonlige og \u00e5ndelige opplevelser. Alle uttrykk er symbolske, og mange forskjellige symboler har blitt brukt: opplysning, psykens nedstigning til underverdenen, oppv\u00e5kning, renselse, transmutasjon, psykospirituell alkymi, gjenf\u00f8dsel og befrielse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Jeg vil tro det finnes teknikker i psykosyntesen til utvikling av det transpersonlige Selv.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli: <\/strong>Ja. Her virker teknikken med indre dialog fortreffelig. Man forestiller seg en vis person som kjenner svarene p\u00e5 de problemer man st\u00e5r ovenfor. Hvis man kunne f\u00e5 et intervju med dette mennesket, hva ville det s\u00e5 fortelle? Det er din indre l\u00e6rer\u2026.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> (Jeg er redd for at min indre guru er senil. Han gir meg motstridene r\u00e5d: ta det rolig\/arbeid hardere, risiker alt\/bli hvor du er, tillat deg \u00e5 skeie ut\/v\u00e6r fornuftig. Han kan aldri bestemme seg for om han er p\u00e5 Dionysos eller Apollons side.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Dersom man lytter etter et svar, kan det komme spontant gjennom en tredje person, en bok man leser eller gjennom utviklingen i det som skjer i og omkring en. Det er ogs\u00e5 alltid godt \u00e5 praktisere meditasjon. Noen ganger foresl\u00e5r jeg for klienten \u00e5 skrive et brev.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Til det transpersonlige Selv?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Ja, \u201cKj\u00e6re transpersonlige Selv\u2026..\u201d Pr\u00f8v og se hva som skjer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Hvilken adresse skal jeg sende det til?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Til det stedet hvor du sender dine sinte brev, n\u00e5r du forteller en du elsker eller en fiende hva du mener om ham.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Jeg kan aldri helt gjennomskue om psykosyntese teknikkene er naive eller brilliante. De forekommer meg \u00e5 v\u00e6re en smule for enfoldige. (Skal jeg innr\u00f8mme at jeg, etter g\u00e5rdsdagens m\u00f8te og hans \u201cenkle\u201d analyse av nevroser som \u00e5 v\u00e6re vaklende i beslutningssetet, da holdt opp med \u00e5 r\u00f8yke sigaretter for tid og evighet?) Det er en gammel tradisjon for \u00e5 forbinde visdom og t\u00e5peligheter. Er et vist menneske enfoldig? Er den forenkling som kommer med alderen visdom eller tretthet? Og er psykosyntese en moderne versjon av en visdomsskole? Hva er forskjellen p\u00e5 et vist menneske og en t\u00e5pe?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli: <\/strong>Visdom er enda mer umoderne enn viljen. Den opprinnelige betydningen av visdom har intet med t\u00e5peligheter \u00e5 gj\u00f8re. Selvf\u00f8lgelig inneb\u00e6rer visdom \u00e5ndens st\u00f8rre enkelhet, men det er ikke enfoldighet. P\u00e5 kinesisk er tegnet for visdom en kombinasjon av vind og lyn. Det vise mennesket er ikke et som er uforstyrret og utbrent, men et som vinden ikke kan fange mer, og som sl\u00e5r ned som et lyn n\u00e5r det er n\u00f8dvendig.<\/p>\n<p>Visdom er forbundet med intuisjon, (det er derfor den er<\/p>\n<p>blitt oppfattet som en kvinne \u2013 Sophia) og med \u00e5 se tingenes helhet, og p\u00e5 den m\u00e5ten knytte den til det transpersonlige perspektiv. Det er evnen til \u00e5 leke med motsetningene og til \u00e5 skape en syntese. Jeg vil tro at alder hjelper med \u00e5 oppn\u00e5 noe av det perspektivet som er n\u00f8dvendig for \u00e5 skape harmoni mellom de tilsynelatende motsetningene.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen: <\/strong>Hvilke begrensninger har psykosyntese? Hvis De skulle kritisere deres eget system, hva ville de s\u00e5 kritisere?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> Det m\u00e5 v\u00e6re Deres oppgave, men jeg skal nok. Mitt svar er paradoksalt. Psykosyntesens begrensinger er, at den ikke har noen grenser. Den brer seg for mye ut, er for omfattende. Dens svakhet er at den aksepterer for mye. Den ser for mange sider p\u00e5 samme tid, og det er et minus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> (Det er mitt \u201cselverkjennende\u201d sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l. De fleste \u201cber\u00f8mte\u201d mennesker f\u00e5r h\u00f8yst 8. Jeg gir Assagioli et rent 13-tall. Han ser inn bak sine egne \u00f8yne.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Hannah Arendt sier at tilgivelse er n\u00f8kkelen til handling og frihet. Uten tilgivelse styres livet av gjentagende tvangshandlinger og en evig syklus av bitterhet og gjengjeldelse. Allikevel letter kun f\u00e5 psykoterapeuter p\u00e5 hatten for den. Noen, som Janov, synes \u00e5 oppmuntre til bitterhet og vrede mot foreldre og samfunn, fordi de er kilden til den opprinnelige smerte. Fortell meg hva psykosyntesen har \u00e5 si om tilgivelse, ansvar og takknemlighet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli:<\/strong> I psykosyntesen legger vi vekt p\u00e5 individuell ansvarlighet. Like mye som hva som har skjedd en person, m\u00e5 vedkommende ta ansvar her og n\u00e5 for de endringer som han \u00f8nsker \u00e5 foreta i sin personlighet, og ikke bebreide sine foreldre eller samfunnet. Jeg er mot mange ting i det moderne samfunn, og er revolusjon\u00e6r, men vi m\u00e5 endre det innenfra, fordi det er v\u00e5rt samfunn. Jeg anbefaler forst\u00e5else for og medlidenhet med de mennesker som har s\u00e5ret en. Kanskje er man ikke s\u00e5ret s\u00e5 meget som man tror. Selvf\u00f8lgelig er vi betinget av fortiden, men vi har evnen til \u00e5 fornekte den, til \u00e5 g\u00e5 bort, til \u00e5 forandre oss. Foreldre s\u00e5rer for det meste deres barn av uvitenhet og ikke fordi de er ondskapsfulle, og det er frigj\u00f8rende \u00e5 tilgi dem som ikke vet bedre i stedet for \u00e5 gjemme p\u00e5 krenkelser og selvmedlidenhet. Tilgivelse blir ogs\u00e5 enklere n\u00e5r man kommer i kontakt med menneskehetens virkelige lidelse. Jeg har et forslag som g\u00e5r ut p\u00e5, at unge mennesker som ledd i deres utdannelse skal bes\u00f8ke sykehus, institusjoner for sinnslidende og slummen, slik at de kommer i direkte kontakt med menneskelig lidelse uten at teorier, statistikker eller politiske ideologier kommer imellom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keen:<\/strong> Etter religionens forfall i Vesten og tapet av overgangsritualer \u2013 f\u00f8dsels-og d\u00f8dsritualer \u2013 er det blitt psykologiens oppgave \u00e5 hjelpe mennesker med \u00e5 klare overgangskriser og skjellsettende situasjoner Hvordan har De det med d\u00f8den? Som 85-\u00e5rig, hvordan ser den ut for Dem?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assagioli: <\/strong>D\u00f8den er f\u00f8rst og fremst som en ferie for meg. Det er mange hypoteser om d\u00f8den, og id\u00e9en om reinkarnasjon forekommer meg \u00e5 v\u00e6re den mest fornuftige.<\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">I have no direct knowledge of reincarnation, but with my faith I come in good company with hundreds of millions of people in the East, with Buddha and many others in the West. Death is a normal part of a biological cycle. It is my body that dies, and not all of me. So it doesn&#8217;t worry me that much. I may die tonight, but I will gladly take a few more years to do the work that interests me and that I believe will benefit others. I am available. Humor also helps, just like propositional sense. I am an individual on a small planet in a small solar system in one of the galaxies.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keen:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (It is not so simple to know what proves the validity of a world view and the therapy that brings our lives to the square. All forms of therapy have dramatic successes and equally dramatic failures. A proof\/counter-proof of success in the case of psychosynthesis could be this universally understandable: When Assagioli talked about death there was no change in his voice or tone, and the light still played in his dark eyes, and his mouth was always close to smiling.)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Roberto Assagioli died on August 23, old and full of days.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"hr hr-default avia-builder-el-7 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image \">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"hr hr-default avia-builder-el-7 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image \"><\/div>\n<div class=\"hr hr-default avia-builder-el-7 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image \"><a href=\"http:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/SamKeen.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-4967 size-full\" title=\"Sam Keen\" src=\"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/SamKeen.jpg\" alt=\"Sam Keen\" width=\"170\" height=\"138\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"avia-image-container av-styling- avia-builder-el-8 el_after_av_hr el_before_av_textblock avia-align-left \"><\/div>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section\">\n<div class=\"avia_textblock \">\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sam Keen, a consulting editor at Psychology Today, holds a master&#8217;s degree in theology from Harvard Divinity School and a Ph.D. in philosophy and religion from Princeton. He has taught that<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Rutgers University, Louisville Presbyterian Seminary and Prescott College&#8217;s Center for the Person i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Arizona. He is a freelance writer and educator, his books include: Apology for Wonder, To a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dancing God, Telling your Story and Voices and Visions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fourth flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding avia-builder-el-10 el_after_av_one_half el_before_av_layout_row avia-builder-el-last \"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sam Keen, who was the editor of Psychology Today, in this excellent interview, closely examines Roberto Assagioli and his psychosynthesis. The interview is one of the best living testimonies to the wisdom that made Assagioli famous all over the world and which made him the &laquo;Father&raquo; of psychology with soul. &nbsp; More than half a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":"","tve_updated_post":"","tve_custom_css":"","tve_user_custom_css":"","tve_globals":{},"tcb2_ready":1,"tcb_editor_enabled":0,"tve_landing_page":"","_tve_header":"","_tve_footer":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-psykosyntese-artikler","entry","has-post-thumbnail","override","gs-1","gs-odd","gs-even","gs-featured-content-entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Roberto Assagiolis gylne middelvei - Interview Sam Keen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sam Keen, som var redakt\u00f8r i Psychology Today, g\u00e5r i dette fremragende intervjuet tett p\u00e5\u00a0 Roberto Assagioli og hans psykosyntese.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/nb\/roberto-assagiolis-gylne-middelvei\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nb_NO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Roberto Assagiolis gylne middelvei - Interview\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sam Keen, som var redakt\u00f8r i Psychology Today, g\u00e5r i dette fremragende intervjuet tett p\u00e5\u00a0 Roberto Assagioli og hans psykosyntese.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/nb\/roberto-assagiolis-gylne-middelvei\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kenneth S&oslash;rensen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PSselfmastery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theseventypes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-05-31T01:22:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-20T14:27:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kennethsorensen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ovaldiagram.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"585\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"940\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kenneth S\u00f8rensen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Skrevet av\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kenneth S\u00f8rensen\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Ansl. lesetid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"28 minutter\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kennethsorensen.dk\\\/nb\\\/roberto-assagiolis-gylne-middelvei\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kennethsorensen.dk\\\/nb\\\/roberto-assagiolis-gylne-middelvei\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kenneth S\u00f8rensen\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kennethsorensen.dk\\\/nb\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/11ef25b3b28c8482d5ec69f8511ffea6\"},\"headline\":\"Roberto Assagiolis gylne middelvei &#8211; 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